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diff --git a/.cache/clangd/index/IDevice.h.606309017A5E5AB6.idx b/.cache/clangd/index/IDevice.h.606309017A5E5AB6.idx
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diff --git a/.cache/clangd/index/IPhysicalDevice.h.37CA78ACF4BEE83B.idx b/.cache/clangd/index/IPhysicalDevice.h.37CA78ACF4BEE83B.idx
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diff --git a/.cache/clangd/index/SerialDevice.cpp.E5FA00DC79EFDCA9.idx b/.cache/clangd/index/SerialDevice.cpp.E5FA00DC79EFDCA9.idx
new file mode 100644
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diff --git a/.cache/clangd/index/SerialDevice.h.6BEE4982C476E8CB.idx b/.cache/clangd/index/SerialDevice.h.6BEE4982C476E8CB.idx
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diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 432f9ed..0cb7f52 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -51,9 +51,8 @@ qt_add_library(softbus_template
 qt_add_executable(softbus_daemon
     main.cpp
     src/core/CoreService.cpp
-    # core device types
-    src/core/device/DeviceTypes.h
-    src/core/device/DeviceTypes.cpp
+
+
 
 
     # api 接口
@@ -61,6 +60,10 @@ qt_add_executable(softbus_daemon
     src/api/ipc_dbus/IpcDBus.h
     src/api/ipc_dbus/IpcDBus.cpp
 
+    # device types
+    src/devices/DeviceTypes.h
+    src/devices/DeviceTypes.cpp
+
     # hardware interfaces (Level 2)
     src/hardware/interfaces/IStreamDriver.h
     src/hardware/interfaces/IFrameDriver.h
@@ -88,6 +91,11 @@ qt_add_executable(softbus_daemon
 
     # devices: base skeleton
     src/devices/base/IDevice.h
+    src/devices/base/IPhysicalDevice.h
+
+    # devices: physical
+    src/devices/physical/SerialDevice.h
+    src/devices/physical/SerialDevice.cpp
 )
 
 target_include_directories(softbus_daemon
diff --git a/bin/softbus_daemon b/bin/softbus_daemon
index 63bc709..c552a8c 100755
Binary files a/bin/softbus_daemon and b/bin/softbus_daemon differ
diff --git a/src/core/CoreService.cpp b/src/core/CoreService.cpp
index 0650aa1..c982324 100644
--- a/src/core/CoreService.cpp
+++ b/src/core/CoreService.cpp
@@ -40,26 +40,37 @@ bool CoreService::initialize()
     const QString configPath =
         QDir::homePath() + QStringLiteral("/softbus/config/daemon_config.json");
 
-    QFile f(configPath);
-    if (!f.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly | QIODevice::Text)) {
-        LOG_ERROR() << "CoreService: failed to open" << configPath;
-        return false;
+    auto& bus = softbus::device_bus::DeviceBus::instance();
+    bus.setConfigPath(configPath);
+
+    QJsonObject root;
+    const QFileInfo fi(configPath);
+    if (!fi.exists()) {
+        LOG_WARNING() << "CoreService: config not found, skip load:" << configPath;
+        root.insert(QStringLiteral("device_tree"), QJsonArray{});
+        bus.markDeviceTreeDirty(); // 首次启动：退出时至少会落一个最小配置文件
+    } else {
+        QFile f(configPath);
+        if (!f.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly | QIODevice::Text)) {
+            LOG_ERROR() << "CoreService: failed to open" << configPath;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        const QByteArray data = f.readAll();
+        f.close();
+
+        QJsonParseError pe;
+        const QJsonDocument doc = QJsonDocument::fromJson(data, &pe);
+        if (pe.error != QJsonParseError::NoError || !doc.isObject()) {
+            LOG_ERROR() << "CoreService: invalid JSON in" << configPath << ":" << pe.errorString();
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        root = doc.object();
     }
 
-    const QByteArray data = f.readAll();
-    f.close();
-
-    QJsonParseError pe;
-    const QJsonDocument doc = QJsonDocument::fromJson(data, &pe);
-    if (pe.error != QJsonParseError::NoError || !doc.isObject()) {
-        LOG_ERROR() << "CoreService: invalid JSON in" << configPath << ":" << pe.errorString();
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    const QJsonObject root = doc.object();
-
     // 2. 初始化 device_bus（交给 DeviceBus facade 处理具体设备）
-    if (!softbus::device_bus::DeviceBus::instance().initialize(root)) {
+    if (!bus.initialize(root)) {
         return false;
     }
 
diff --git a/src/core/device/DeviceTypes.cpp b/src/core/device/DeviceTypes.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 1aa9d2e..0000000
--- a/src/core/device/DeviceTypes.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-#include "core/device/DeviceTypes.h"
-
-namespace softbus::core::device
-{
-
-DeviceKind kindFromType(const QString& typeStr)
-{
-    const QString t = typeStr.trimmed().toLower();
-    if (t == QStringLiteral("serial")) return DeviceKind::Serial;
-    if (t == QStringLiteral("can")) return DeviceKind::Can;
-    if (t == QStringLiteral("ethernet") || t == QStringLiteral("network")) return DeviceKind::Network;
-    if (t == QStringLiteral("virtual")) return DeviceKind::Virtual;
-    if (t == QStringLiteral("distributed")) return DeviceKind::Distributed;
-    return DeviceKind::Unknown;
-}
-
-DeviceKind inferDeviceKindFromEndpoint(const QString& endpoint)
-{
-    const QString ep = endpoint.trimmed();
-    if (ep.startsWith(QStringLiteral("/dev/tty"))) return DeviceKind::Serial;
-    if (ep.startsWith(QStringLiteral("can"))) return DeviceKind::Can;
-    if (ep.startsWith(QStringLiteral("tcp://")) || ep.startsWith(QStringLiteral("udp://"))) return DeviceKind::Network;
-    return DeviceKind::Unknown;
-}
-
-QString driverKeyFor(DeviceKind kind)
-{
-    switch (kind) {
-    case DeviceKind::Serial: return QStringLiteral("serial_qt");
-    case DeviceKind::Can: return QStringLiteral("can_socketcan");
-    case DeviceKind::Network: return QStringLiteral("tcp_qt");
-    case DeviceKind::Virtual: return QStringLiteral("virtual_device");
-    case DeviceKind::Distributed: return QStringLiteral("distributed_node");
-    default: return QStringLiteral("unknown");
-    }
-}
-
-} // namespace softbus::core::device
-
diff --git a/src/device_bus/DeviceBus.cpp b/src/device_bus/DeviceBus.cpp
index 6cfeabb..8c0b936 100644
--- a/src/device_bus/DeviceBus.cpp
+++ b/src/device_bus/DeviceBus.cpp
@@ -1,12 +1,22 @@
 #include "device_bus/DeviceBus.h"
 
+#include <QDir>
+#include <QFileInfo>
+#include <QJsonDocument>
+#include <QSaveFile>
+
 #include "device_bus/manager/DeviceBusManager.h"
+#include "device_bus/tree/DeviceTreeModel.h"
+#include "utils/logs/logging.h"
 
 namespace softbus::device_bus {
 
 class DeviceBus::Impl {
 public:
   DeviceBusManager manager;
+  std::shared_ptr<DeviceTreeModel> treeModel;
+  QString configPath;
+  bool deviceTreeDirty{false};
 };
 
 DeviceBus &DeviceBus::instance() {
@@ -22,9 +32,65 @@ DeviceBus::~DeviceBus() {
 }
 
 bool DeviceBus::initialize(const QJsonObject &rootConfig) {
+  if (!d->treeModel) {
+    d->treeModel = std::make_shared<DeviceTreeModel>();
+  }
+  d->manager.setDeviceTreeModel(d->treeModel);
   return d->manager.initialize(rootConfig);
 }
 
-void DeviceBus::shutdown() { d->manager.shutdown(); }
+void DeviceBus::shutdown() {
+  d->manager.shutdown();
+
+  if (!d->deviceTreeDirty) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (d->configPath.isEmpty() || !d->treeModel) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const QFileInfo fi(d->configPath);
+  const QString dirPath = fi.dir().absolutePath();
+  if (!QDir().mkpath(dirPath)) {
+    LOG_ERROR() << "DeviceBus: failed to create config dir" << dirPath;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const QJsonObject root = d->treeModel->toDaemonConfigRoot();
+  const QByteArray bytes = QJsonDocument(root).toJson(QJsonDocument::Indented);
+
+  QSaveFile out(d->configPath);
+  if (!out.open(QIODevice::WriteOnly | QIODevice::Text)) {
+    LOG_ERROR() << "DeviceBus: failed to open config for write:" << d->configPath;
+    return;
+  }
+  if (out.write(bytes) != bytes.size()) {
+    LOG_ERROR() << "DeviceBus: failed to write config:" << d->configPath;
+    out.cancelWriting();
+    return;
+  }
+  if (!out.commit()) {
+    LOG_ERROR() << "DeviceBus: failed to commit config:" << d->configPath;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  d->deviceTreeDirty = false;
+}
+
+void DeviceBus::setConfigPath(const QString& path) {
+  d->configPath = path;
+}
+
+QString DeviceBus::configPath() const {
+  return d->configPath;
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<DeviceTreeModel> DeviceBus::deviceTreeModel() const {
+  return d->treeModel;
+}
+
+void DeviceBus::markDeviceTreeDirty() {
+  d->deviceTreeDirty = true;
+}
 
 } // namespace softbus::device_bus
diff --git a/src/device_bus/DeviceBus.h b/src/device_bus/DeviceBus.h
index 694044f..7aaf7e8 100644
--- a/src/device_bus/DeviceBus.h
+++ b/src/device_bus/DeviceBus.h
@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <QJsonObject>
+#include <QString>
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "device_bus/tree/DeviceTreeModel.h"
 
 namespace softbus::device_bus {
 
@@ -11,6 +15,15 @@ public:
   bool initialize(const QJsonObject &rootConfig);
   void shutdown();
 
+  void setConfigPath(const QString& path);
+  QString configPath() const;
+
+  // 共享设备树模型（单一真源）
+  std::shared_ptr<DeviceTreeModel> deviceTreeModel() const;
+
+  // 注册/更新设备树后调用，确保 shutdown 会落盘
+  void markDeviceTreeDirty();
+
 private:
   DeviceBus();
   ~DeviceBus();
diff --git a/src/device_bus/manager/DeviceBusManager.cpp b/src/device_bus/manager/DeviceBusManager.cpp
index e24e104..fb5d19d 100644
--- a/src/device_bus/manager/DeviceBusManager.cpp
+++ b/src/device_bus/manager/DeviceBusManager.cpp
@@ -1,35 +1,49 @@
 #include "device_bus/manager/DeviceBusManager.h"
 
+#include <memory>
+
 #include <QJsonDocument>
+#include <QSerialPort>
 #include <algorithm>
 
+#include "hardware/drivers/serial/SerialQtDriver.h"
 #include "hardware/drivers/serial/SerialCapabilities.h"
-#include "core/device/DeviceTypes.h"
+#include "devices/DeviceTypes.h"
 #include "utils/logs/logging.h"
 
 using softbus::hardware::drivers::serial::SerialQtDriver;
 namespace serial_cap = softbus::hardware::drivers::serial::capabilities;
 
+void DeviceBusManager::setDeviceTreeModel(std::shared_ptr<DeviceTreeModel> model)
+{
+    m_treeModel = std::move(model);
+}
+
 bool DeviceBusManager::initialize(const QJsonObject& rootConfig)
 {
+    if (!m_treeModel) {
+        m_treeModel = std::make_shared<DeviceTreeModel>();
+    }
+
     // 加载设备树
     QString treeError;
-    if (!m_treeModel.loadFromDaemonConfig(rootConfig, &treeError)) {
+    if (!m_treeModel->loadFromDaemonConfig(rootConfig, &treeError)) {
         LOG_ERROR() << "DeviceBusManager: failed to load device_tree:" << treeError;
         return false;
     }
 
-    const auto nodes = m_treeModel.nodes();
+    const auto nodes = m_treeModel->nodes();
     for (const auto& n : nodes) {
         if (!n.enabled) continue;
-        auto kind = softbus::core::device::kindFromType(n.type);
-        if (kind == softbus::core::device::DeviceKind::Unknown) {
-            kind = softbus::core::device::inferDeviceKindFromEndpoint(n.endpoint);
+
+        auto kind = softbus::devices::kindFromType(n.type);
+        if (kind == softbus::devices::DeviceKind::Unknown) {
+            kind = softbus::devices::inferDeviceKindFromEndpoint(n.endpoint);
         }
 
-        if (kind == softbus::core::device::DeviceKind::Serial) {
-            initializeSerialDriver(n.endpoint, n.params);
-            m_deviceEndpointsMap.insert(n.endpoint, QStringLiteral("serial"));
+        if (kind == softbus::devices::DeviceKind::Serial) {
+            initializeSerialDevice(n.endpoint, n.params);
+            m_deviceEndpointsMap.insert(n.endpoint, kind);
         } else {
             LOG_WARNING() << "DeviceBusManager: skip unsupported kind for endpoint=" << n.endpoint
                           << "type=" << n.type;
@@ -41,17 +55,17 @@ bool DeviceBusManager::initialize(const QJsonObject& rootConfig)
 
 void DeviceBusManager::shutdown()
 {
-    // 关闭并销毁所有串口驱动
-    const auto keys = m_serialDriversMap.keys();
+    // 关闭并销毁所有串口设备
+    const auto keys = m_serialDevicesByEndpoint.keys();
     for (const auto& endpoint : keys) {
-        shutdownSerialDriver(endpoint);
+        shutdownSerialDevice(endpoint);
     }
 }
 
-void DeviceBusManager::initializeSerialDriver(const QString& endpoint,const QJsonObject& params)
+void DeviceBusManager::initializeSerialDevice(const QString& endpoint, const QJsonObject& params)
 {
-    if (m_serialDriversMap.contains(endpoint)) {
-        LOG_WARNING() << "DeviceBusManager: serial driver already exists for" << endpoint;
+    if (m_serialDevicesByEndpoint.contains(endpoint)) {
+        LOG_WARNING() << "DeviceBusManager: serial device already exists for" << endpoint;
         return;
     }
 
@@ -83,7 +97,7 @@ void DeviceBusManager::initializeSerialDriver(const QString& endpoint,const QJso
     LOG_INFO() << "DeviceBusManager: init serial endpoint=" << endpoint
                << "params=" << QJsonDocument(merged).toJson(QJsonDocument::Compact);
 
-    auto driver = new SerialQtDriver(nullptr);
+    auto driver = std::make_unique<SerialQtDriver>(nullptr);
     driver->SetBaudRate(static_cast<QSerialPort::BaudRate>(baud));
     driver->SetDataBits(static_cast<QSerialPort::DataBits>(dataBits));
 
@@ -106,19 +120,51 @@ void DeviceBusManager::initializeSerialDriver(const QString& endpoint,const QJso
     }
     driver->SetFlowControl(flow);
 
-    // 按你当前策略：初始化时就打开串口
-    driver->Open(endpoint.toStdString());
+    softbus::devices::DeviceInfo info;
+    info.id = -1;
+    info.endpoint = endpoint;
+    info.type = QStringLiteral("serial");
+    info.kind = softbus::devices::DeviceKind::Serial;
 
-    m_serialDriversMap.insert(endpoint, driver);
-    m_serialDriversList.push_back(driver);
+    softbus::devices::physical::SerialDevice::Config cfg;
+    cfg.endpoint    = endpoint;
+    cfg.baudRate    = baud;
+    cfg.dataBits    = dataBits;
+    cfg.parity      = parityStr;
+    cfg.stopBits    = stopBitsVal;
+    cfg.flowControl = flowStr;
+
+    QSharedPointer<softbus::devices::physical::SerialDevice> device(
+        new softbus::devices::physical::SerialDevice(std::move(driver), cfg, info));
+
+    if (m_registry) {
+        m_registry->registerDevice(info);
+    }
+
+    // 按当前策略：初始化时就打开串口
+    if (!device->start()) {
+        LOG_ERROR() << "DeviceBusManager: failed to start serial device for" << endpoint;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    m_serialDevicesByEndpoint.insert(endpoint, device);
 }
 
-void DeviceBusManager::shutdownSerialDriver(const QString& endpoint)
+void DeviceBusManager::shutdownSerialDevice(const QString& endpoint)
 {
-    auto driver = m_serialDriversMap.take(endpoint);
-    if (driver) {
-        driver->Close();
-        delete driver;
-        m_serialDriversList.removeAll(driver);
+    auto it = m_serialDevicesByEndpoint.find(endpoint);
+    if (it == m_serialDevicesByEndpoint.end()) {
+        return;
     }
+
+    auto device = it.value();
+    if (device) {
+        auto info = device->deviceInfo();
+        if (m_registry && info.id >= 0) {
+            m_registry->unregisterDevice(info.id);
+        }
+        device->stop();
+    }
+
+    m_serialDevicesByEndpoint.erase(it);
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/device_bus/manager/DeviceBusManager.h b/src/device_bus/manager/DeviceBusManager.h
index e6c811a..7d54ac1 100644
--- a/src/device_bus/manager/DeviceBusManager.h
+++ b/src/device_bus/manager/DeviceBusManager.h
@@ -4,20 +4,26 @@
 #include <QJsonObject>
 #include <QMap>
 #include <QList>
-#include <functional>
+#include <QHash>
+#include <QSharedPointer>
+#include <memory>
 
 #include "device_bus/tree/DeviceTreeModel.h"
-#include "hardware/drivers/serial/SerialQtDriver.h"
+#include "device_bus/registry/IDeviceRegistry.h"
+#include "devices/DeviceTypes.h"
+#include "devices/physical/SerialDevice.h"
 
 class DeviceBusManager
 {
 public:
+    void setDeviceTreeModel(std::shared_ptr<DeviceTreeModel> model);
+
     bool initialize(const QJsonObject& rootConfig);
     void shutdown();
 
 private:
-    void initializeSerialDriver(const QString& endpoint, const QJsonObject& params);
-    void shutdownSerialDriver(const QString& endpoint);
+    void initializeSerialDevice(const QString& endpoint, const QJsonObject& params);
+    void shutdownSerialDevice(const QString& endpoint);
     // void initializeCanDriver();
     // void shutdownCanDriver();
     // void initializeTcpDriver();
@@ -28,12 +34,13 @@ private:
 
 
 private:
-    DeviceTreeModel m_treeModel;
+    std::shared_ptr<DeviceTreeModel> m_treeModel;
     // 添加map来记住所有设备的endpoint和type的映射
-    QMap<QString, QString> m_deviceEndpointsMap;
+    QMap<QString, softbus::devices::DeviceKind> m_deviceEndpointsMap;
 
-    QMap<QString, softbus::hardware::drivers::serial::SerialQtDriver*> m_serialDriversMap;
-    QList<softbus::hardware::drivers::serial::SerialQtDriver*> m_serialDriversList;
+    QHash<QString, QSharedPointer<softbus::devices::physical::SerialDevice>> m_serialDevicesByEndpoint;
+
+    softbus::device_bus::registry::IDeviceRegistry* m_registry = nullptr;
 
     // std::vector<softbus::hardware::drivers::can::CanQtDriver*> m_canDrivers;
     // std::vector<softbus::hardware::drivers::tcp::TcpQtDriver*> m_tcpDrivers;
diff --git a/src/device_bus/registry/IDeviceRegistry.h b/src/device_bus/registry/IDeviceRegistry.h
index e6c7a14..636b39d 100644
--- a/src/device_bus/registry/IDeviceRegistry.h
+++ b/src/device_bus/registry/IDeviceRegistry.h
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 #include <optional>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include "core/device/DeviceTypes.h"
+#include "devices/DeviceTypes.h"
 
 namespace softbus::device_bus::registry
 {
@@ -13,11 +13,11 @@ class IDeviceRegistry
 public:
     virtual ~IDeviceRegistry() = default;
 
-    virtual void registerDevice(const softbus::core::device::DeviceInfo& info) = 0;
+    virtual void registerDevice(const softbus::devices::DeviceInfo& info) = 0;
     virtual void unregisterDevice(int id) = 0;
 
-    virtual std::optional<softbus::core::device::DeviceInfo> findById(int id) const = 0;
-    virtual std::vector<softbus::core::device::DeviceInfo> listDevices() const = 0;
+    virtual std::optional<softbus::devices::DeviceInfo> findById(int id) const = 0;
+    virtual std::vector<softbus::devices::DeviceInfo> listDevices() const = 0;
 };
 
 } // namespace softbus::device_bus::registry
diff --git a/src/device_bus/tree/DeviceTreeModel.cpp b/src/device_bus/tree/DeviceTreeModel.cpp
index ca55915..e1e631c 100644
--- a/src/device_bus/tree/DeviceTreeModel.cpp
+++ b/src/device_bus/tree/DeviceTreeModel.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "device_bus/tree/DeviceTreeModel.h"
 
 #include <QJsonArray>
+#include <QJsonObject>
 
 #include "utils/logs/logging.h"
 
@@ -69,6 +70,52 @@ bool DeviceTreeModel::loadFromDaemonConfig(const QJsonObject& root, QString* err
     return true;
 }
 
+void DeviceTreeModel::rebuildIndex()
+{
+    m_indexById.clear();
+    for (int i = 0; i < m_nodes.size(); ++i) {
+        const auto& n = m_nodes.at(i);
+        if (!n.id.isEmpty()) {
+            m_indexById.insert(n.id, i);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+QJsonArray DeviceTreeModel::toDeviceTreeJson() const
+{
+    QJsonArray arr;
+
+    for (const auto& n : m_nodes) {
+        QJsonObject obj;
+        obj.insert(QStringLiteral("id"), n.id);
+        if (!n.name.isEmpty()) obj.insert(QStringLiteral("name"), n.name);
+        if (!n.type.isEmpty()) obj.insert(QStringLiteral("type"), n.type);
+        if (!n.endpoint.isEmpty()) obj.insert(QStringLiteral("endpoint"), n.endpoint);
+        if (!n.driver.isEmpty()) obj.insert(QStringLiteral("driver"), n.driver);
+        if (!n.capabilitiesRef.isEmpty()) obj.insert(QStringLiteral("capabilitiesRef"), n.capabilitiesRef);
+        if (!n.params.isEmpty()) obj.insert(QStringLiteral("params"), n.params);
+        obj.insert(QStringLiteral("enabled"), n.enabled);
+
+        if (!n.childrenIds.isEmpty()) {
+            QJsonArray children;
+            for (const auto& c : n.childrenIds) {
+                children.append(c);
+            }
+            obj.insert(QStringLiteral("children"), children);
+        }
+
+        arr.append(obj);
+    }
+    return arr;
+}
+
+QJsonObject DeviceTreeModel::toDaemonConfigRoot() const
+{
+    QJsonObject root;
+    root.insert(QStringLiteral("device_tree"), toDeviceTreeJson());
+    return root;
+}
+
 const DeviceTreeNode* DeviceTreeModel::findById(const QString& id) const
 {
     const auto it = m_indexById.constFind(id);
diff --git a/src/device_bus/tree/DeviceTreeModel.h b/src/device_bus/tree/DeviceTreeModel.h
index 7c5ea48..7d27148 100644
--- a/src/device_bus/tree/DeviceTreeModel.h
+++ b/src/device_bus/tree/DeviceTreeModel.h
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <QJsonObject>
+#include <QJsonArray>
 #include <QVector>
 #include <QString>
 #include <QHash>
@@ -27,9 +28,17 @@ public:
     bool loadFromDaemonConfig(const QJsonObject& root, QString* errorMessage = nullptr);
 
     const QVector<DeviceTreeNode>& nodes() const { return m_nodes; }
+    QVector<DeviceTreeNode>& nodesMutable() { return m_nodes; }
 
     const DeviceTreeNode* findById(const QString& id) const;
 
+    // 序列化为 daemon_config.json 所需格式
+    QJsonArray toDeviceTreeJson() const;
+    QJsonObject toDaemonConfigRoot() const;
+
+    // 当外部直接修改 nodesMutable() 后，需要重建索引
+    void rebuildIndex();
+
 private:
     QVector<DeviceTreeNode> m_nodes;
     QHash<QString, int>     m_indexById;
diff --git a/src/devices/DeviceTypes.cpp b/src/devices/DeviceTypes.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b1b9881
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/devices/DeviceTypes.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+#include "devices/DeviceTypes.h"
+
+namespace softbus::devices {
+
+DeviceKind kindFromType(const QString &typeStr) {
+  // 使用静态 QHash，仅在首次调用时初始化一次，后续调用直接极速查表
+  static const QHash<QString, DeviceKind> typeMap = {
+      {QStringLiteral("serial"), DeviceKind::Serial},
+      {QStringLiteral("can"), DeviceKind::Can},
+      {QStringLiteral("ethernet"), DeviceKind::Network},
+      {QStringLiteral("network"), DeviceKind::Network},
+      {QStringLiteral("virtual"), DeviceKind::Virtual},
+      {QStringLiteral("distributed"), DeviceKind::Distributed}};
+
+  // value() 方法在找不到键时，会返回传入的第二个默认参数
+  return typeMap.value(typeStr.trimmed().toLower(), DeviceKind::Unknown);
+}
+
+DeviceKind inferDeviceKindFromEndpoint(const QString &endpoint) {
+  const QString ep = endpoint.trimmed();
+  // 使用结构体数组来存储设备类型和前缀的映射
+  struct Rule {
+    const QString prefix;
+    DeviceKind kind;
+  };
+
+  static const Rule rules[] = {
+      {QStringLiteral("/dev/tty"), DeviceKind::Serial},
+      {QStringLiteral("can"), DeviceKind::Can},
+      {QStringLiteral("tcp://"), DeviceKind::Tcp},
+      {QStringLiteral("udp://"), DeviceKind::Udp}
+      // 未来在这里添加其他设备类型
+  };
+
+  // 遍历规则表进行前缀匹配
+  for (const auto &rule : rules) {
+    if (ep.startsWith(rule.prefix)) {
+      return rule.kind;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return DeviceKind::Unknown;
+}
+
+QString driverKeyFor(DeviceKind kind) {
+  switch (kind) {
+  case DeviceKind::Serial:
+    return QStringLiteral("serial_qt");
+  case DeviceKind::Can:
+    return QStringLiteral("can_socketcan");
+  case DeviceKind::Tcp:
+    return QStringLiteral("tcp_qt");
+  case DeviceKind::Udp:
+    return QStringLiteral("udp_qt");
+  case DeviceKind::Network:
+    return QStringLiteral("network_qt");
+  case DeviceKind::Virtual:
+    return QStringLiteral("virtual_device");
+  case DeviceKind::Distributed:
+    return QStringLiteral("distributed_node");
+  default:
+    return QStringLiteral("unknown");
+  }
+}
+
+} // namespace softbus::devices
diff --git a/src/core/device/DeviceTypes.h b/src/devices/DeviceTypes.h
similarity index 78%
rename from src/core/device/DeviceTypes.h
rename to src/devices/DeviceTypes.h
index e829b73..0b4d289 100644
--- a/src/core/device/DeviceTypes.h
+++ b/src/devices/DeviceTypes.h
@@ -5,16 +5,22 @@
 #include <QJsonObject>
 #include <QString>
 
-namespace softbus::core::device
+namespace softbus::devices
 {
 
+
+
+
+// 具体设备种类（用于选择 driver / 解析 endpoint）
 enum class DeviceKind {
+    Unknown,
     Serial,
     Can,
-    Network,
+    Tcp,
+    Udp,
+    Network,      // 泛指 network（无法区分 tcp/udp 时）
     Virtual,
     Distributed,
-    Unknown,
 };
 
 struct DeviceInfo
@@ -23,6 +29,7 @@ struct DeviceInfo
     QString     endpoint;
     QString     name;
     QString     type;            // "serial" / "can" / "network" / ...
+    DeviceKind  kind{DeviceKind::Unknown};
     int         address{0};
     QString     protocol;
     QString     protocolDetail;
@@ -38,6 +45,7 @@ struct DeviceInfo
         obj[QStringLiteral("endpoint")] = endpoint;
         obj[QStringLiteral("name")] = name;
         obj[QStringLiteral("type")] = type;
+        obj[QStringLiteral("kind")] = static_cast<int>(kind);
         obj[QStringLiteral("address")] = address;
         obj[QStringLiteral("protocol")] = protocol;
         obj[QStringLiteral("protocol_detail")] = protocolDetail;
@@ -61,9 +69,10 @@ struct BusMessage
     qint64 timestamp{0};
 };
 
+// 纯 helper：不做 IO，仅做字符串/endpoint 到 DeviceKind/driverKey 的映射
 DeviceKind kindFromType(const QString& typeStr);
 DeviceKind inferDeviceKindFromEndpoint(const QString& endpoint);
-QString driverKeyFor(DeviceKind kind);
+QString    driverKeyFor(DeviceKind kind);
 
-} // namespace softbus::core::device
+} // namespace softbus::devices
 
diff --git a/src/devices/base/IDevice.h b/src/devices/base/IDevice.h
index 1d75dd6..d37f8ec 100644
--- a/src/devices/base/IDevice.h
+++ b/src/devices/base/IDevice.h
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include "core/device/DeviceTypes.h"
+#include "devices/DeviceTypes.h"
 
 namespace softbus::devices
 {
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ class IDevice
 public:
     virtual ~IDevice() = default;
 
-    virtual softbus::core::device::DeviceInfo deviceInfo() const = 0;
+    virtual softbus::devices::DeviceInfo deviceInfo() const = 0;
 };
 
 } // namespace softbus::devices
diff --git a/src/devices/base/IPhysicalDevice.h b/src/devices/base/IPhysicalDevice.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd52e15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/devices/base/IPhysicalDevice.h
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "devices/DeviceTypes.h"
+#include "devices/base/IDevice.h"
+
+namespace softbus::devices::base
+{
+
+class IPhysicalDevice : public IDevice
+{
+public:
+    ~IPhysicalDevice() override = default;
+
+    virtual bool start() = 0;
+    virtual void stop() = 0;
+};
+
+} // namespace softbus::devices::base
+
diff --git a/src/devices/devicesType.h b/src/devices/devicesType.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 2f0c0ae..0000000
--- a/src/devices/devicesType.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include <QString>
-
-namespace softbus::devices::physical
-{
-    enum class Type
-    {
-        Serial,
-        Can,
-        Tcp,
-        Udp,
-    };
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/devices/physical/SerialDevice.cpp b/src/devices/physical/SerialDevice.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a6f6c83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/devices/physical/SerialDevice.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#include "devices/physical/SerialDevice.h"
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "hardware/drivers/serial/SerialQtDriver.h"
+#include "utils/logs/logging.h"
+
+using softbus::hardware::drivers::serial::SerialQtDriver;
+
+namespace softbus::devices::physical
+{
+
+SerialDevice::SerialDevice(std::unique_ptr<SerialQtDriver>     driver,
+                           const Config&                       config,
+                           const softbus::devices::DeviceInfo& info)
+    : m_driver(std::move(driver))
+    , m_config(config)
+    , m_info(info)
+{
+}
+
+SerialDevice::~SerialDevice()
+{
+    stop();
+}
+
+bool SerialDevice::start()
+{
+    if (!m_driver) {
+        LOG_ERROR() << "SerialDevice: start called with null driver";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    LOG_INFO() << "SerialDevice: opening endpoint" << m_config.endpoint;
+    return m_driver->Open(m_config.endpoint.toStdString());
+}
+
+void SerialDevice::stop()
+{
+    if (!m_driver) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    LOG_INFO() << "SerialDevice: closing endpoint" << m_config.endpoint;
+    m_driver->Close();
+}
+
+softbus::devices::DeviceInfo SerialDevice::deviceInfo() const
+{
+    return m_info;
+}
+
+QString SerialDevice::endpoint() const
+{
+    return m_config.endpoint;
+}
+
+softbus::devices::DeviceKind SerialDevice::kind() const
+{
+    return softbus::devices::DeviceKind::Serial;
+}
+
+} // namespace softbus::devices::physical
+
diff --git a/src/devices/physical/SerialDevice.h b/src/devices/physical/SerialDevice.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8947088
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/devices/physical/SerialDevice.h
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <QString>
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "devices/DeviceTypes.h"
+#include "devices/base/IPhysicalDevice.h"
+namespace softbus::hardware::drivers::serial { class SerialQtDriver; }
+
+namespace softbus::devices::physical
+{
+
+class SerialDevice : public base::IPhysicalDevice
+{
+public:
+    struct Config
+    {
+        QString endpoint;
+        int     baudRate;
+        int     dataBits;
+        QString parity;
+        int     stopBits;
+        QString flowControl;
+    };
+
+    SerialDevice(std::unique_ptr<softbus::hardware::drivers::serial::SerialQtDriver> driver,
+                 const Config&                                                       config,
+                 const softbus::devices::DeviceInfo&                                 info);
+
+    ~SerialDevice() override;
+
+    bool start() override;
+    void stop() override;
+
+    softbus::devices::DeviceInfo deviceInfo() const override;
+
+    QString                        endpoint() const;
+    softbus::devices::DeviceKind   kind() const;
+
+private:
+    std::unique_ptr<softbus::hardware::drivers::serial::SerialQtDriver> m_driver;
+    Config                                                               m_config;
+    softbus::devices::DeviceInfo                                         m_info;
+};
+
+} // namespace softbus::devices::physical
+